
Chris asks…
How is pneumoniae typically diagnosed?
How does a doctor determine that you have pneumoniae and not just a really bad cold? I know that sputum specimen can be cultured, but that takes several days before the results are out, and yet doctors declare pneumoniae before the culture results are out so that they can start treating the patient before the pneumonia gets worse. So how do they know without culturing sputum/blood specimen that the patient has pneumonia and not a horrible cold? How do they arrive at that diagnosis prior to culture which is used more or less to confirm the diagnosis?

eric answers:
1. Physical exam — a good doctor can diagnose pneumonia by listening with a stethoscope, percussion of the lungs, and with several other maneuvers, right there in the exam room.
2. If necessary, chest x ray.
3. Sputum culture does NOT diagnose pneumonia – realize that everyone’s sputum will always have bacteria in it ! No one has a sterile mouth. A sputum culture is NOT used to diagnose pneumonia, but when the diagnosis is already made, the sputum culture can determine which bacteria is causing the pneumonia.
4. Typical symptoms.
The symptoms of colds, influenza, and pneumonia really are NOT that similar. Primarly you are looking for cough, shortness of breath, presence of sputum production, and fever > 101 F

Thomas asks…
joke….365 days a year?
A couple goes to an agricultural show way out in the countryside on a fine Sunday afternoon, and are watching the auctioning off of reproduction bulls. The guy selling the bulls announces the first bull to be auctioned off: “A fine specimen, this bull reproduced 60 times last year.”
The wife nudges her husband in the ribs, and comments: “See! That was more
than 5 times a month!”
The second bull is to be sold: “Another fine specimen, this wonder reproduced 120 times last year.”
Again the wife bugs her husband: “Hey, that’s some 10 times a month. What do
YOU say to that?!”
Her husband is getting really annoyed with this comparison… The third bull is up for sale: “And this extraordinary specimen reproduced 360 times last year!”
The wife slaps her husband on the arm and yells: “That’s once a day, every day of the year! How about YOU?!”
The husband was pretty irritated by now, and yells back: “Sure, once a day! But
ask the announcer if they were all with the same cow!”

eric answers:
Tricky even you couldn’t keep that up.

Daniel asks…
will we one day be able to clone animals from ancient fossilised remains?
say from the bones or feathers of dinosaurs or very early mammals/birds.
i fully realise that today, this is completely impossible as there is almost no Biological matter left over from such specimens. but will we one day be able to pinpoint even minuet DNA stands left over from these specimens and be able to clone a whole animal from these?

eric answers:
Actually, we have been able to locate and isolate strands of DNA in fossils. The largest T. Rex fibula ever found yielded an 85% complete strand of DNA. The problem is that we need a 100% complete strand of DNA to even begin thinking about cloning them. After that we would need to know the conditions under which the embryo would need to develop. Finally, we would have to develop a technology that allowed us to artificially grow the embryo. Unfortunately, current cloning methods involve growing the embryo in a surrogate organism. We don’t have any organisms that come close to be surrogates for things like dinosaurs. We could possibly clone mammoths because we have complete DNA strands and elephants could be surrogates.

Helen asks…
Hey Guyz, I really need help with this project!!! about Molds! and how does a bread mold, how many days?
Hey im doing this project about molds.
there are 4 specimens (banana, bread, cheese and milk), we
have to classify what kind of mold grows in it, our teacher said
we can classify the mold by its color but i didn’t see anything
about that!, the banana has a light green kind of mold, and the
milk has a blue, white and black kind of mold, and how come
the cheese and the bread did not mold yet?

eric answers:
Take a look at this article from Encarta
http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/refarticle.aspx?refid=761573526
I would guess that the bread has an anti-mold agent in it if it is a big commercial bread like Wonderbread which would make it more difficult to grow mold. Some cheeses have mold in them like blue cheese and mold will grow on hard cheeses , but they are very slow to do so.
Check out this web site too
http://www.doctorfungus.org/

William asks…
where would be the most reputable area close to my home town of Consett, Co Durham to charter a boat for 8hrs?
I need as much info on local venues so i can get myself a couple of good specimens and have a good day out on the open seas. Any and all info will be recieved gratefully. Thanks

eric answers:
Sunderland marina has a number of charter boats make sure the boat has the right insurance for charter before going out.

Jenny asks…
i think racism these days are appaling WHAT ARE YOUR VIEWS PEOPLE????!?!!??!?
its disgraceful i mean what kind of cruel harsh world are we living in and when i say that i am standing up for my rights i mean it as the community and youths are getting out of hand we need to solve these probloems by dealing with this kind of specimen that we call man and woman!!!!!!

eric answers:
Racism is not a nice thing, and should be dealt with properly.
I don’t think it’s fair to say “youths are getting out of hand”, there are many young people out there who don’t cause trouble and are simply trying to make their way in the World, and are given a bad name due to a minority of ill-behaved peers.

Lisa asks…
how to discount the lc before the maturity date of lc?
i have the irrevocable Letter of credit ( inland- chennai ) , that lc terms is 60 days, but i want to get
the payment immediate after deliver the goods as well as submiited the lc with all required documents to our bank. what is procedure with the banker and some specimen letter for that.
Please answer us. Thank you

eric answers:
GET IT DISCOUNTED FROM ANY BANK THERE CHARGES FOR DISCOUNTING R NOMINAL

Linda asks…
I am 37 weeks and 6 days, as of today… Sunday (which is about over) and…?
I went to the hospital around 6 AM, i had called my OB and the doctor called me back and told me to meet him at labor and delivery. (im having bad menstrual like cramps, VERY swollen all over, esp. feet ankles and legs! legs throb from pain) and my bp has been borderline and a bit high.. so he told me to go in. he checked around 9 and i wasn’t dilating at all! and i hadn’t lost my plug or anything! Well they had put me on an IV to get fluids in me, and they were monitoring my son, which is SUPER healthy! and my bp was up sometimes.. it seems to be all over the place. Well he came back around 4 or so.. and i wasn’t dilating.. but after he checked the first time, i was bleeding a little, it was brownish red.. in my discharge. Well.. he sent me home then, and is having me do a 24 hour urine specimen and i have to take it to the lab tomorrow to make sure there isn’t protein in my urine. he told me that i should have sex at least 2 times a day to start the dilating.. and to rest a lot, stay off my feet. so when i got home i went right home. Well i woke up a few hours later and my feet were still swollen and hurt a bit, esp. my right one. my boyfriend and i decided to have sex like 30 minutes later, and when we were done, he handed me a towel and i wipes myself off with it, from the semen (sorry), the prostaglandins in the semen help move thing’s along. And when I wiped there was my mucus plug, it was stringy and looked my thick snot, it was a brownish color, but there was a red blood thing in it. so i called my home nurse and she said that yes, i lost my plug. so… since i lost my plug.. am i starting to dilate or? and i went out a little while ago and got Red Raspberry Herb Tea. My doctor told me that I may have him by thursday, and that was before i even lost my plug. so? am i dilating now? and will things start moving along? oh and my contractions have been very regular, like 3-7 minutes apart.. and they only “hurt” sometimes… so whats going to happen?

eric answers:
You don’t start dilating when you use the plug. It is when the contractions start that the uterus starts contracting. Sounds like you are in pre-labor. The stages of labor for first tim moms varies. When you have strong consistent contractions 3-5 min apart is when you will be in or near active labor and should go to the hospital.
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